rsp l carnitine liquid Nutrition Formula Berry 1 500 Mg RSP Nutrition Liquid L-Carnitine Weight

Statements Author contributions AS: Writing original draft, Writing review & editing, Formal analysis

Decision 02 Needle material 24-karat gold-plated stainless steel hollow microneedles

Carnitine ensures the transport of fatty acids to the mitochondria, which provide energy to the cell

Extant studies have found that AS-IV has protective effects on the kidneys and improves renal fibrosis by enhancing the expression of phosphorylated (p-) Smad3 C/p21 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), thereby inhibiting p-Smad 3L/plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and reducing ROS and -SMA levels (Qin et al., 2023)